What is metabolic acidosis and its main causes?

Metabolic acidosis is a medical condition characterized by an imbalance in the blood's pH, making it more acidic than normal. This disorder can be caused by various reasons, and understanding its causes is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment. In this article, we will explore in detail what metabolic acidosis is and the main causes that generate it.

What is metabolic acidosis?

Metabolic acidosis occurs when acids accumulate in the body or when there is excessive loss of bicarbonate, a component that helps maintain the blood's pH at appropriate levels. The normal blood pH ranges from 7.35 to 7.45; when it drops below 7.35, it leads to a condition of acidosis.

This disorder can be a symptom of various health problems and, if not addressed in time, can lead to serious complications.

Main causes of metabolic acidosis

Kidney diseases

One of the most common causes of metabolic acidosis is kidney dysfunction. The kidneys are responsible for eliminating waste products and acids from the body. When they do not function properly, these substances accumulate in the blood, causing acidosis.

Diabetes mellitus

Diabetes can lead to a complication known as ketoacidosis. In this condition, the body produces high levels of ketone bodies, which are acids, due to a lack of insulin to process glucose. This causes a decrease in blood pH.

Intoxication

The consumption of certain substances, such as methanol or high doses of aspirin, can generate metabolic acidosis. These compounds can interfere with the body’s metabolic processes and cause an increase in acids in the blood.

Severe diarrhea

The loss of bicarbonate through severe diarrhea can also result in metabolic acidosis. Bicarbonate is essential for maintaining the acid-base balance in the body, and its loss can alter the blood pH.

Metabolic stress

Acute stress situations, such as severe infections or trauma, can lead to an increase in the production of lactic acid in the body, which is another cause of metabolic acidosis. This type of acidosis is known as lactic acidosis.

Symptoms of metabolic acidosis

Symptoms can vary depending on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. Some common signs include:

• Fatigue and weakness
• Confusion or difficulty concentrating
• Rapid and deep breathing
• Nausea and vomiting

If you experience these symptoms, it is important to seek medical attention immediately.

Diagnosis and treatment

The diagnosis of metabolic acidosis is made through blood tests that measure pH and bicarbonate levels. Depending on the identified cause, treatment may vary, including administering bicarbonate solutions, managing the underlying disease, or correcting electrolyte imbalances.

Conclusion

Metabolic acidosis is a condition that can have various causes and be an indicator of more serious health problems. Understanding its causes and symptoms is key to seeking appropriate medical attention. If you want to learn more about health and wellness topics, I invite you to read more related news on my blog.